Item one, from Wikipedia:*
Galileo was found guilty, and the sentence of the Inquisition, issued on 22 June 1633, was in three essential parts:
- Galileo was found "vehemently suspect of heresy", namely of having held the opinions that the Sun lies motionless at the centre of the universe, that the Earth is not at its centre and moves, and that one may hold and defend an opinion as probable after it has been declared contrary to Holy Scripture. He was required to "abjure, curse, and detest" those opinions.
- He was sentenced to formal imprisonment at the pleasure of the Inquisition. On the following day this was commuted to house arrest, which he remained under for the rest of his life.
- His offending Dialogue was banned; and in an action not announced at the trial, publication of any of his works was forbidden, including any he might write in the future.
Item two, from Wikipedia:**
On August 8, 1949, Cardinal Francesco Marchetti Selvaggiani of the Holy Office sent a protocol letter to Archbishop Cushing on the meaning of the dogma extra Ecclesiam nulla salus (outside the church there is no salvation), which Feeney refused to accept. This protocol, approved by the Pope on July 28, 1949 stated "(T)his dogma must be understood in that sense in which the Church herself understands it. For, it was not to private judgments that Our Saviour gave for explanation those things that are contained in the deposit of faith, but to the teaching authority of the Church."
On October 25, 1952, Feeney received a letter from Cardinal Pizzardo, Secretary of the Holy Office, summoning the priest to Rome. Feeney replied to Cardinal Pizzardo requesting an explanation of the charges against him in order to prepare his defense as per canon 1723, but none was forthcoming. Petitions to Pope Pius XII went unanswered.
After Feeney repeatedly refused to reply to a summons to Rome to explain himself[citation needed], he was excommunicated on February 13, 1953 by the Holy See for persistent disobedience to legitimate church authority due to his refusal to comply. According to Cardinal John Wright, Pope Pius XII personally translated the edict into English.
A comment by the Dimond Brothers:
The Theological Status Of Geocentrism
11th Sept. 2011 | vaticancatholic.com
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fY2k-iPvhuY
They are about midway through the video, where I resume the viewing after a long pause, before the time stamp 16:18, making the point that:
- if the Church in 1633 was not infallibly making a dogma of Geocentrism, at least they thought so at the time;
- if they were in fact doing so, the later Popes (a quote from Benedict XV seems to have been discussed in the part I heard way earlier) thought they hadn't;
- therefore the Church authorities in 1953 could have been wrong about the infallible status of the Feeney excommunication.
It may be mentioned two things:
- neither Pope Leo XIII, nor Pope Benedict XV, explicitly said the condemnation of non-Geocentrism was not binding;
- the one not speaking directly on the issue, the other only lightly touched on it in an obiter dictum.
One could conclude neither of them dared to actually oppose the decree from 1633, though they were providing opportunity to the faithful to believe themselves in obedience to the Church while opposing it. Their gambit on the issue may have been this: 1) in order to be Pope, I remain faithful, in order to remain faithful, I do not personally deviate from Geocentrism; 2) the faithful who misinterpret my words as actually allowing Geocentrism will be remaining faithful by their intended obedience.
And a third thing: Pope Michael upheld both the decree against Geocentrism, and the decree against Feeney.
Hans Georg Lundahl
Paris
St. Bruno
6.X.2022
(Messanae, in Sicilia, natalis sanctorum Martyrum Placidi Monachi, e beati Benedicti Abbatis discipulis, et ejus fratrum Eutychii et Victorini, ac sororis eorum Flaviae Virginis, itemque Donati, Firmati Diaconi, Fausti et aliorum triginta Monachorum, qui omnes a Manucha pirata, pro Christi fide, necati sunt.)
In monasterio Turris, dioecesis Squillacensis, in Calabria, sancti Brunonis Confessoris, qui Ordinis Carthusianorum fuit Institutor.
Mach:
There are two ways of reconciling oneself with actuality: either one grows accustomed to the puzzles, and they trouble one no more,or one learns to understand them by the help of history and to consider them calmly from that point of view. (Understanding the issue by the help of history helped to bring me to Geoncentrism.)
* https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galileo_affair#Trial_and_second_judgment,_1633
** https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard_Feeney
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